He Yang is the curator of the National Costume Museum of Beijing Institute of Fashion. The ceremonial costumes for the China sports delegation at the Tokyo Olympic Games were designed by the design teams of He Yang and Yang Hui of Beijing Institute of Fashion with the theme of "getting off to a good start".

He Yang (photo by CCTV reporter Liu Jingjing)

Not only the length of the skirt, but also numerous small details have been revised repeatedly by He Yang and her design team during the two-year design process of China sports delegation’s entrance etiquette dress.

"The hem of the lady’s ceremonial dress chose the pattern of peony flowers. The pattern of peony comes from the pattern on the red-wrapped peony bowl in Hongwu glaze of the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty, but this peony really reached the dress of women’s wear and has been revised in countless details. Petals become more stretched, more gentle in curvature and higher in height … …” He Yang said, "We need to rearrange it and make it the fullest and most positive. We hope it will be more perfect. In the process of constant revision, we think it is closer to the kind of sports ‘ Bright pleasure ’ ‘ Sense of strength ’ Yes. "

He Yang shows peony patterns (photo by CCTV reporter Liu Jingjing)

The meaning expressed by the lock pattern on the coat of etiquette clothes is more direct. The pieces of lock armor are interlocking and have unbreakable meanings. He Yang made a metaphor: "It’s a bit like armor, just like conquering, and I hope every athlete can get good grades."

Lock nail pattern (photo by CCTV reporter Liu Jingjing)

The design of etiquette clothes in the Olympic Games is more like a propositional composition, which not only reflects the traditional culture of China, but also shows the spirit of sports. For He Yang, this creation is more like shaping a brand and asking her to have brand awareness. He Yang said: "In this case, it is actually necessary to publicize China’s brand image and let people know what China really feels like. You have to stand up a little higher and do it from the brand’s point of view." This "brand sense" is not only reflected in every detail, but also in the choice of overall color of clothing.

Because of the epidemic situation, the design of admission etiquette clothes has been carried out for two years. During the two years, Heyang team submitted more than 100 sets of design schemes, red, white, blue and yellow … … He Yang and her design team should not only compare the costumes of previous China delegations, but also study the costumes of other delegations. "Can you still use the red and yellow color scheme in previous years? Will the red and white color scheme conflict with other countries? " He Yang pointed out to the reporter the research materials on national and previous Olympic costumes neatly posted on the studio wall.

The wall behind He Yang is covered with information (photo by CCTV reporter Liu Jingjing)

He Yang thinks the final red and white color scheme is a "good choice". At the opening of the Olympic Games, Henan Province was suffering from a torrential rain disaster, and the epidemic situation is still not optimistic on a global scale. In this case, He Yang thinks: "Everyone’s mood is quite low, and Chinese may prefer a positive feeling, so we think the color scheme of this suit is very clear."

Etiquette of China sports delegation at the opening ceremony of Tokyo Olympic Games (photo by CCTV reporter Liu Jingjing)

After the opening ceremony of the Tokyo Olympic Games, some netizens’ comments on this ceremonial dress were not "clear". Some netizens said that "the overall design is not picky", others said that "it is better to use red and yellow", and some netizens bluntly said that "it is not good-looking". He Yang was also uneasy, but at the same time, he was "prepared and accepted even if others scolded him".

In the corner of the studio, there is a row of sample clothes for the unsuccessful scheme. He Yang said that many of them are "beautiful", but in her view, how to choose a suit that can represent China’s image on such a big occasion needs to consider many comprehensive things. In He Yang’s team, many young designers also submitted design schemes. Their designs are "very distinctive, very individual and beautiful", but some designs are "probably more of the designer’s own characteristics" in He Yang’s view. According to He Yang’s experience, on such occasions, what we need is something that the public thinks is "not bad", and "everyone has to think that there is nothing wrong with it", and such things are often simple and moderate compared with personality and beauty.

"I don’t know when and which design will really impress others. It will be a very complicated matter." In He Yang’s view, the touching design is not only "good-looking", but also contains many emotions. "The emotions of the nation and events will affect his evaluation of this thing."

The highest state of lazy people eating: no fire, no pot washing, no going downstairs to get takeout. Self-heating rice perfectly meets the needs of lazy people. You only need one bottle of mineral water, and then wait for 15 minutes, you can realize the freedom of eating, so don’t be too cool.

There are so many self-heating rice on the market, which one is the king of cost performance? I bought six brands that are very common among offline merchants. Let’s measure them-

Which one is the most convenient?

In order to evaluate the taste of different brands of self-heated rice horizontally, all the common beef flavors were purchased in this evaluation, and the side dishes were mainly beef and potatoes.

Zi Shan’s arrival at Fandian and Honglv should be the gospel for lazy people. You can bring your own water for rice and heating, and you don’t need to prepare extra water, so you can eat freely everywhere.

Zi Hai Guo and Mo Xiaoxian prepared special water for rice, but did not put special water for heating. If you want to eat, you still need to bring your own cold water, which is not convenient.

Be sure to bring mineral water when you are going to eat the baby with a small stove and sea fishing outdoors. A clever woman can’t cook without water.

Is the staple food enough?

Every time you eat self-heating rice, you will have doubts: Why does self-heating rice only need to be heated for 15 minutes to eat? Is this really eating rice?

In order to achieve the goal of "quick" eating, most self-heating rice uses prefabricated rice, that is, processed rice: rice is ground into powder, then boiled into rice paste with water, dried and dehydrated, and then pressed into rice by machine. Simply put, it is cooked-dehydrated-steamed with water.

This can greatly shorten the heating time of rice, but the taste is 108 thousand miles worse than that of rice, and it can not bring real taste enjoyment.

▲ The importance of rice is related to the amount of water added. Here, it is added according to the water injection line given by the merchant or the drinking water that comes with it. The weight is for reference only.

The overall feeling of trying to finish eating: there is no happiness of eating carbon water! There is not enough rice fragrance, not enough q-bomb.

We gave Zi Shan the award for the worst taste, and the taste was exactly the same as that of the overnight meal, with almost no smell of rice and no Q-bomb at all.

Although the taste is not good, according to the dietary guideline of "200~300g of cereal every day", it is absolutely possible to have a full stomach.

▲ Feedback from @ Yogurt Children’s Shoes after tasting.

Is there enough meat?

▲ Because the side dish comes with soup, the actual weight will be less.

Dietary guidelines recommend eating 300~500g of livestock meat every week, which is about 45~70g per day on average. Those who meet the requirements here will open a small stove, and Zi Shan will go to Fandian and Haidilao. I have to say that the amount of meat is directly proportional to the price.

Open a small stove: the beef has a sufficient weight and a large size. It tastes satisfying and tastes delicious. Disadvantages are oily and slightly fishy.

It’s time for dinner: as long as you meet curry, you can say one word: salty! Beef tastes fresh and tastes good.

Haidilao: The meat is soft and moderately salty. @ Coffee scored a perfect score of 10, and @ Yogurt and @ Small Watermelon found the taste strange.

Honglv: Carrots are very heavy, and even beef has a little sweetness. Everyone doesn’t like them very much.

Self-help pot: mushroom and beef are silly and unclear. Although there is little meat, it tastes good and spicy, which is everyone’s favorite.

Mo Xiaoxian: @ Yogurt Comments: I didn’t eat it at all, 0 points! There is really too little meat, which is about the size of the diced beef in Master Kong’s braised beef noodles. It is not enough to eat at all.

Are there enough vegetables?

▲ Because the side dish comes with soup, the actual weight will be less.

Common vegetables in self-heated rice are potatoes, mushrooms, bamboo shoots, green beans, etc., and the weight is very small. In the words of @ Coffee, where is it?

I ate self-heating rice for this meal, so I must remember to eat more vegetables, especially dark vegetables, for the next meal.

Is the salt exceeding the standard?

Generally speaking, all self-heated rice tastes special! No! Salty! After eating this meal, I consumed about 2~4g of salt, plus the other two meals and snacks, and the salt intake in one day was properly exceeded.

It is not recommended to eat often.

To sum up

● The rice is just right, and the amount of self-heated rice can meet the needs of most people. But for some people who eat a lot, it may not be enough. You can bring some corn, sweet potatoes, etc. These miscellaneous grains are nutritious and easy to carry.

● The calorie of a self-heated rice is 500~600kcal, which can basically meet the calorie demand of a meal, but the amount of protein is too small (to put it bluntly: too little meat! )。

● The weight of meat is directly proportional to the price. The higher the price, the more meat there is.

● Almost no vegetables can be seen. Potatoes, carrots and mushrooms are common vegetables, and the amount of vegetables is far from enough. It is suggested to eat more dark vegetables such as green leafy vegetables in the next meal.

● Put too much salt. Everyone tries to finish the unified feeling of self-heating rice: it is too salty and needs to drink water. Remember to drink less soup and more water when eating, and eat with high-potassium fruits such as bananas.

● I have to say that it tastes terrible! It is better to eat instant noodles!

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Have you ever eaten self-heating rice?

What do you think of its taste?

Edit | Small Watermelon

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The above information is only popular science and should not be regarded as medical advice.

Can not replace the doctor’s individualized judgment on a specific patient.

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Original title: "Don’t try self-heating rice easily, I’m afraid you’ll dazzle two bowls of" old uncle "at a time"

Read the original text

　　In August last year, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province was declared as a local registered family with two or three children, and 500 yuan allowance was paid to each child every month until the child was 3 years old. The reporter found out that since the second half of last year, Hunan, Jilin, Anhui and other provinces have issued documents, clearly proposing the establishment of a childcare subsidy system.

　　How to pay the childcare allowance? What is the effect on encouraging fertility? What support do people of childbearing age need?

　　Solve some "milk powder money"

　　"Although 500 yuan is not much every month, it can solve some problems ‘ Milk powder money ’ 。” Xu Junfeng, deputy mayor of Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, said.

　　Many provinces in China have introduced the child-rearing subsidy system to provide supporting support for the "three-child policy". Last November, the "14th Five-Year Plan for Public Services in Guangdong Province" proposed to explore the provision of inclusive economic subsidies for children. In January this year, Beijing issued the "Implementation Plan on Optimizing the Birth Policy and Promoting the Long-term Balanced Development of the Population", which clearly and gradually established and improved the family parenting subsidy system.

　　Zhejiang Province stipulates that the county (city, district) people’s government may, according to local conditions, give child-rearing allowance and child-care expenses subsidies to infant families under the age of 3. It is clear in Heilongjiang Province that the people’s governments at the municipal and county levels should establish a child-rearing subsidy system for families who have given birth to a second or more children according to law, and appropriately tilt to border areas and old revolutionary areas. Jilin Province advocates the establishment of a county-level childcare subsidy system, and the provincial finance will give appropriate subsidies according to the implementation of local systems.

　　Compared with the principle provisions at the provincial level, some cities and counties have planned the implementation details. For families with two or three children, Panzhihua will set the subsidy amount as 500 yuan per child per month. Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, grants subsidies on an annual basis, with families with two children paying 5,000 yuan a year and families with three children paying 10,000 yuan a year until their children are 3 years old.

　　Qiao Lin, a Beijing Baoma who has just given birth to two children, hopes that the policy will come to an early date. "The second child has just reached the full moon, and milk powder, complementary food and diapers will cost money." She said that from the extension of maternity leave to the issuance of childcare subsidies, we can see the efforts made by the state to reduce the burden of parenting, and look forward to more supporting measures.

　　What is the incentive effect of childcare subsidy?

　　To what extent can the child-rearing subsidy, which is the icing on the cake for families with many children, enhance the willingness to have children? The reporter interviewed several families of childbearing age randomly, and some said that "although the subsidy is good, it will not decide to have children." A white-collar worker admits that parenting is not just an economic account.

　　"The original intention of the childcare subsidy policy is to increase the fertility rate by reducing the direct cost of childbirth, which will stimulate the areas with low per capita income to a certain extent." Wang Tianyu, an associate professor in the Department of Social Security, School of Labor and Personnel, Renmin University of China, analyzed that the reproductive decision-making of individual families is very complicated, and the reproductive cost is only one of the influencing factors. According to the survey, the decision from zero child to one child has little to do with the cost of childbirth, and whether to have two children is mainly determined by the preference of childbirth.

　　Li Yue, an associate researcher at China Population and Development Research Center, said that the policy of child-care subsidy may improve the short-term fertility rate, not the lifelong fertility level. "Those one-child families who plan to have two children may be encouraged by the policy to advance their childbearing behavior, but they will not decide to have three children. Parenting subsidies have undoubtedly improved family welfare, but the separate efforts of this policy have limited effect on boosting fertility. "

　　The affordability of local finance should also be taken into account. Wang Tianyu calculated that the population born in 2021 was 10.62 million, including 4.6 million children. If only two-child families are subsidized, the annual investment will be as high as 80 billion yuan, based on last year’s birth scale, assuming that each child will be given a monthly subsidy of 500 yuan to the age of three.

　　In Wang Tianyu’s view, the greatest significance of the policy is not to stimulate fertility in the short term, but to build a culture of socialization of fertility costs and caring for families with many children. The role of culture in fertility decision-making will take some time to show.

　　Reducing the burden of childbirth requires more efforts.

　　"There is a need for a perfect infant care service system behind the childcare subsidy system, and a fertility-friendly society calls for policy synergy." Li Yue said.

　　Li Yue introduced that at present, the measures to encourage fertility in various countries can be divided into three categories. First, economic support, including various subsidies and tax relief policies; Second, service support, including the development of nursery services, home help, after-school care, etc. The third is time support, including maternity leave, parental leave, paternity leave and other holiday systems.

　　For the further implementation of the child-care subsidy system, Wang Tianyu suggested not to "flood irrigation": "Not long ago, the State Council issued the Notice on Setting up a Special Additional Deduction for Personal Income Tax for Infant Care under 3 years old. From the perspective of maintaining social equity and saving financial funds, child-care subsidies may also pay attention to those families and individuals whose income is below the tax threshold."

　　Housing tilt policy is also a powerful measure of economic support. It is reported that Beijing, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places have proposed that when renting public rental housing, families who meet the local housing security conditions and have minor children can be given appropriate care in terms of apartment selection according to the number of minor children.

　　According to the data released by National Health Commission, more than one-third of families have the demand for nursery services, but the enrollment rate of infants in various nursery institutions in China is only about 5.5%.

　　"Inclusive care institutions are important fertility support forces, but they are developing slowly at present." Li Yue said.

　　According to the current policy, for each new nursery, inclusive nursery institutions can enjoy a subsidy of 10,000 yuan. Once it becomes an inclusive nursery institution, it is necessary to enroll students according to the guidance price of the local government.

　　Li Yue said that in the case of high operating costs, the income and expenditure of nursery institutions are unbalanced and lack the motivation to apply. One of the future directions is to provide monthly operating subsidies according to the number of students enrolled, and appropriately reduce the rent and taxes, so as to really lower the price of nursery services.

　　In the revision of family planning regulations in various places, extending maternity leave and adding parental leave are a highlight. Li Yue believes that while adjusting the holiday system, it is also necessary to clarify how to share the costs, explore the cost-sharing mechanism of the state, enterprises and families, reduce employment discrimination, and relieve the worries of women of childbearing age.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s history of uniting and leading the people of China to pursue national rejuvenation for more than 100 years is also a history of constantly exploring the road to modernization. After several generations of unremitting efforts, we have embarked on the road of Chinese modernization. " The exploration of the road to modernization runs through the course of the party’s struggle for more than a hundred years. Several generations of communist party people have persisted in their exploration and embarked on Chinese modernization, which is the broad road to create a better life for the people and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This road is inseparable from the unremitting efforts of the pioneers of the party during the new-democratic revolution. Reviewing this course and summarizing its experience and enlightenment is of great historical significance for the new era and new journey to comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization.

　　The Historical Choice of China’s Modernization Road

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC), founded in July 1921, entered the historical stage under the background of "various national salvation schemes were introduced in turn, but all ended in failure" during the old democratic revolution. Since its founding, the Party has become the leading force of China Revolution and China’s modernization, which has promoted a comprehensive exploration from early modernization to seeking a modernization road that truly suits China’s national conditions. The exploration and formation of China’s modernization road is inevitable after the repeated setbacks of modernization in the old democratic revolution, the trend of China’s advanced elements’ reflection on western-style modernization, and the historical choice after the selection of various modernization schemes in the new democratic revolution.

　　Awakening after frustration. After the Opium War in 1840, various political forces fought against imperialism and feudalism in response to the historical disaster of "the country was humiliated, the people were humiliated and the civilization was dusty". People with lofty ideals promoted the transformation and modernization of utensils, systems and culture from different angles, and put forward plans such as "saving the country through industry" and "saving the country through science", but these efforts failed in the end, leading and promoting the development direction of modern China.

　　The turning point after introspection. In the minds of advanced China people in the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, western modernization was once a "blueprint for providing a bright future", but the first world war, 1929— The economic crisis in 1933 exposed the serious drawbacks of western modernization, which prompted all sectors of China society to deeply reflect on it, and the overall orientation changed from advocating western civilization to a non-capitalist future. In 1933, most of the 26 articles about China’s modernization in Shen Bao Monthly chose the socialist way or the non-capitalist way. Our party conforms to the historical trend, promotes the transformation from learning from France and Thailand to learning from Russia in the ideological trend of modernity reflection after World War I, and advocates the new democracy of "creating the premise for socialism" after the discussion on modernization caused by the economic crisis.

　　The choice after comparison. Chinese modernization is the inevitable result of historical choice. During the period of the new-democratic revolution, it was precisely under the circumstances that the bureaucratic capitalist modernization led by the Kuomintang regime was ruthlessly eliminated by history, and under the background that the liberal capitalist modernization expected by Anglo-American scholars "turned into a dream", it was proved by history that "more than 90% of the people in the country are in favor of it, and there is no other way to go" (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, vol. 2, p. 679), which promoted the Chinese nation to stand in a new posture.

　　Creating the Political Premise of Modernization Development

　　In 1933, one of the topics of China’s modernization was "Difficulties and obstacles in China’s modernization" and "prerequisites" needed to promote China’s modernization. In this regard, our party had a clear answer in the founding period. The early leaders of the Party have realized that, fundamentally speaking, imperialism and feudal warlords are the two major obstacles that hinder China’s modernization process and disrupt the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On September 13, 1922, the first issue of Guide Weekly issued the Declaration of this newspaper — — The preface to the Guide pointed out: "In China today, the civil strife of warlords is of course the biggest obstacle to peaceful reunification and freedom, and the foreign invasion of international imperialism is a demon that restricts the free development of our Chinese nation politically and economically." In the article "What is Imperialism" published by Li Da in April 1923, he pointed out: "We analyzed China’s chaotic sources politically and economically, and knew that there were two major obstacles that disturbed China, one was international imperialism, and the other was domestic military politics." Therefore, the historical task of the party in the period of democratic revolution is to "break" first, that is, to clear the way for modernization with anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggles. In July 1922, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China adopted the "On the Democratic United Front"The Resolution of the National People’s Congress put forward the aim of "clearing away the oppression of imperialism by feudal warlords and building an independent country with real democratic politics" and formulated the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary program.

　　Mao Zedong profoundly explained the relationship between the democratic revolution and national industrialization, and proposed to create the necessary political premise for China’s modernization by striving for the victory of the new-democratic revolution. In On the Coalition Government, he pointed out that in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, it is impossible to "develop industry, build national defense and benefit the people", and "the possibility of liberating the productive forces of China people and making them fully developed needs to be realized in the whole China" (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, Volume 3, pp. 1080-1081). In the report "Current Situation and Our Tasks" in December 1947, "completing the reform of new democracy and realizing the unity and independence of the country" was regarded as the necessary basis for "changing from an agricultural country to an industrial country" (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, vol. 4, p. 1245). At the end of 1948, in the article "Carry the Revolution through to the End", the realization of national independence and people’s liberation was regarded as "a prerequisite for transforming an agricultural country into an industrial country" (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, vol. 4, p. 1375). The war of liberation overthrew the "three mountains" and established a powerful people’s democratic regime with modernization orientation, thus establishing the political premise and fundamental direction of China’s modernization.

　　The gestation and development of the transitional form of Chinese modernization

　　During the period of the new democratic revolution, the discussion and exploration of China’s modernization cannot avoid an important proposition: "Which way should China modernize? Capitalism or socialism?"? Early Marxists had a clear choice before and after the founding of the Party: they must develop industry with socialism. Li Dazhao pointed out in the article "Industry under Socialism" in March 1921: "The revitalization of China’s industry must be carried out in socialism" (Dawn, Volume 2, No.2). Cai Hesen pointed out in the article "Guidelines for Labor Movement in China" published in May 1922: "In any case, capitalism cannot be fully developed in China to solve China’s economic problems", and it should "develop China’s large-scale production with socialist production methods" (Pioneer No.7).

　　According to the three choices that the intellectuals focused on at that time: industrialization or agriculture, capitalism or socialism, westernization or China, the new-democratic modernization plan made a profound explanation in line with the world modernization trend and China’s national conditions.

　　One is "Strive for the industrialization of China", which depicts the goal of "transforming China from an agricultural country into an industrial country" and building a new democratic society. At that time, the understanding of the concept of modernization included not only the economic and technological changes with industrialization as the core in a narrow sense, but also the "overall changes in politics, economy and culture" in a broad sense.

　　On the economic and technological level, industrialization is regarded as the core connotation of modernization. The party’s industrialization thought was first expounded in the debate between "building the country by agriculture" and "building the country by industry" The early leaders of the Communist Party of China opposed Zhang Shizhao and others’ theory of "building a country through agriculture" and advocated promoting national industrialization. In July 1923, Qu Qiubai criticized Zhang’s article "The Parliamentary System and Warlords in Modern China". "It should not be said that China is still an agricultural country; Not to mention, China is an agricultural country, and it will stagnate forever ",pointing out that" China is gradually becoming a commercial industrial country from a patriarchal agricultural country according to historical logic "(Forward, No.1). Yun Daiying published in October 1923, "Can China not be industrialized?" "The article points out that" China will also become an industrial country and then it can survive on its own "(Shenbao, October 30, 1923). This fully shows that once the Party was founded, it consciously represented the development requirements of China’s advanced productive forces. Mao Zedong advocated "developing China industry" in the later period of the Great Revolution (Collected Works of Mao Zedong, Volume 1, page 43). Later, he talked about it in documents such as On the Coalition Government, Speech at the Jin-Sui Cadre Meeting, Report at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee in communist party, China, and On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship.From an agricultural country to an industrial country "or" national industrialization ". In addition to paying attention to industrialization, the other three aspects of the later "four modernizations", namely agriculture, national defense and scientific and technological modernization, have also been brought into view. Mao Zedong mentioned in "On protracted war" that "the innovation of military system can not be separated from modernization" and called for "fighting for industrialization and agricultural modernization in China" in the report of "On Coalition Government". Xinhua Daily has successively set up a supplement of "Natural Science" and "Special Page for Science", which shows that it attaches great importance to promoting the development of science and technology.

　　On the level of overall change, the new democratic program of trinity of politics, economy and culture is put forward. Mao Zedong put forward the goal of "building a new society and a new country of the Chinese nation" in "On New Democracy", resulting in the "new democratic republic" of "combining new democratic politics, new democratic economy and new democratic culture" (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, vol. 2, pp. 663 and 709).

　　The second is to choose socialism and design a road map of "developing from a new democratic society to a future socialist society". Mao Zedong pointed out in his talk with American journalist Si Nuo: "The China Revolution consists of two articles, the first and the second", the first "carrying out the national democratic revolution" and the second "carrying out the socialist revolution". "At present, it is a national democratic revolution, which will turn into a socialist revolution when it develops to a certain stage" (Collected Works of Mao Zedong, vol. 2, pp. 243-244).

　　Third, put forward the proposition of "Marxism in China", and explore the modernization road in line with China’s reality under the guidance of the theoretical achievements of Marxism in China. In October, 1938, Mao Zedong put forward that "Marxism should be China-oriented, so that it will have the characteristics of China in every performance" in his report on the New Stage made at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee. In his Theory of New Democracy, he pointed out: On the one hand, the new democratic republic is different from the old form, European-American style, bourgeois dictatorship and capitalist republic; On the other hand, it is also different from the Soviet-style, proletarian dictatorship and socialist Republic. "China’s economy must go ‘ Restrain capital ’ And ‘ Average land ownership ’ The road ","we must never establish a European-American capitalist society "; Nor does it copy Soviet-style socialism. In the stage of new democracy, "socialist agriculture has not been established in general", except for big banks, big industries and big businesses, "the private property of other capitalism is not confiscated" (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, Vol. 2, pp. 675-679).

　　In a sense, the road of new-democratic modernization is the accumulation of quantitative changes in China’s modernization before the "qualitative change", that is, the establishment of the socialist system, and it is a vigorous seedling that breaks through the ground before it grows into a towering tree.

　　Lay a solid foundation for the exploration of Chinese modernization

　　The victory of the new-democratic revolution and the establishment of People’s Republic of China (PRC) show that the history of China and the people of China have finally made three correct historical choices since modern times, namely, they chose the Communist Party of China (CPC), Marxism and socialism, thus establishing the leadership, fundamental compliance and institutional foundation for Chinese modernization. National independence, people’s liberation and three historic choices have promoted the transformation and leap of China’s modernization road, and created fundamental social conditions for the comprehensive exploration of Chinese modernization in the whole country. As the largest ruling party in the world, the Communist Party of China (CPC) "has the qualification to lead the people’s revolution in China" (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, vol. 4, p. 1430), and also has the position of leading large-scale modernization. The leadership of the party determines the fundamental nature of Chinese modernization and is a strong driving force to stimulate Chinese modernization. Socialism has become a social system with obvious advantages. Socialism has provided new China with the basis for accelerating the development of social productive forces and the conditions for achieving common prosperity. Socialism determines the direction of Chinese modernization and is the institutional guarantee for ensuring its stability and far-reaching development. Marxism is a powerful spiritual force that makes China people "change from passive to active". The promotion of "Marxism in China" provides theoretical guidance for exploring Chinese modernization, and China-style Marxism is the fundamental follow-up of Chinese modernization.It is the three historic choices that made the modern capitalist modernization led by other forces turn into "socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China (CPC)", made the modernization follow the example of "others" and made the passive and dependent early modernization of China turn into active and independent Chinese modernization, thus opening up a new era of China’s modernization process.

　　Guangming Daily (11th edition, August 30, 2023)

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Tiggo 7 PLUS new energy. The front of Tiggo 7 PLUS new energy looks very calm and unforgettable. Headlights are very in line with consumers’ aesthetics and outline a simple effect. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4530MM*1862MM*1696MM, the car uses tough lines, the side gives people a very capable feeling, with large-sized thick-walled tires, giving people a very eye-catching feeling. In the design of the rear end, the rear end looks very young and individual, and the taillights look very clean. Overall, it is still relatively deep.

Sitting in the car, the interior design is more eye-catching and full of fighting atmosphere. The steering wheel design of this car is very fashionable and simple, and it is equipped with the functions of manual up and down+front and rear adjustment of the steering wheel, which gives a very good grip experience. Take a look at the central control. The car is decorated with a lovely touch-control LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and the details are still in place. Let Xiaobian introduce the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a clean dashboard, which looks very cute. The car adopts imitation leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric adjustment of seats, seat proportion falling down, etc., with exquisite materials and comfortable ride.

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When I meet a baby with cough and wheezing, the first thing I think of is bronchiolitis (also called bronchiolitis), especially in winter and spring clinics.

Although bronchiolitis is not strictly pneumonia, it is difficult to manage, which is mainly related to its special lesion location and pathogenic pathogens.

01

bronchiolitis

The bronchioles are located at the end of the bronchi (below ⑤, close to the alveolar ducts), and then down are the alveolar ducts and alveoli.

The respiratory tract of young children (especially infants under one year old) is relatively narrow, and local inflammation and exudation of bronchioles can easily cause lumen blockage, hinder air from entering and leaving alveoli, and even lead to hypoxia and dyspnea in severe cases.

The symptoms of children with bronchiolitis have their own characteristics, so that clinical diagnosis can be made through symptoms and signs.

Early symptoms are mild, such as runny nose, stuffy nose, cough, and some have low fever, just like the common cold.

Different from the common cold, children with bronchiolitis have frequent cough and asthma in about 2-3 days, some have shortness of breath and inspiratory depression, and some have severe dyspnea.

Then there is a long recovery period.

Although most children can recover by themselves (the course of disease is self-limited), some need hospitalization management and even use ventilator because of severe respiratory distress.

Bronchiolitis is mostly caused by virus infection, and there is usually no targeted antiviral drug, so it can only be treated symptomatically, and then the child can carry it by himself.

The main management measures include cleaning nasal secretions, ensuring liquid intake, high-flow oxygen inhalation and auxiliary ventilation when necessary.

Aerosol inhalation of bronchodilators (salbutamol, bricanyl) and corticosteroids (budesonide) has no obvious effect on bronchiolitis, and it is usually not routinely used continuously. Unless it is observed that the symptoms of cough and asthma in children are obviously relieved after atomization inhalation, they can continue, otherwise it is recommended to stop.

It is precisely because the drug treatment of bronchiolitis is limited, so the focus of management is not how to give drugs to children, but to guide parents.

For example, guide parents to care at home, observe the progress of the disease, identify severe cases, and let parents know that the next course of disease may be longer, so they must be psychologically prepared. Otherwise, children will face excessive intervention.

02

Significance of pathogen detection

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen causing bronchiolitis. In addition, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can all cause bronchiolitis.

If the child has typical bronchiolitis symptoms, it is unnecessary to check the pathogen. Because even if the pathogen is known, there is usually no antiviral method. But many times, I will choose to check.

Why check? Mainly to facilitate communication with parents.

For example, cough and asthma in children with bronchiolitis lasts for a long time, which may be several weeks, and has no obvious expected effect on many treatment methods including atomized inhalation. In this case, parents are inevitably anxious.

Parents are anxious and will try their best to control their children’s symptoms. They may take their children to see a doctor repeatedly, and the children will face more medication. In addition, repeated exposure to medical institutions will increase the risk of nosocomial infection.

And a clear result of pathogenic examination (such as detecting a virus) can alleviate parents’ anxiety to a certain extent and facilitate communication between doctors and patients.

Therefore, in the clinic, when a child is suspected of bronchiolitis, I usually suggest a rapid antigen test for nasopharyngeal swab RSV first (RSV is chosen because it is the most likely and the rapid antigen test is very convenient).

If it is positive, inform the parents of the main points of home management, the possibility of facing a longer course of disease, and avoiding the abuse of antibiotics during this period, so that parents can be mentally prepared.

You see, proper auxiliary examination is actually to protect children.

However, RSV is only the most common virus that causes bronchiolitis. At work, children with typical bronchiolitis symptoms will also be encountered, but RSV is negative. How to manage it?

03

A case

Next, share a case. Before sharing, as usual, I would like to thank my parents for their permission.

This 11-month-old baby was the last patient on the afternoon of December 1st. Before coming to my clinic, the course of cough was nearly ten days, and I have been treated twice in other hospitals. In the clinic, the child coughed violently and vomited several times, with obvious asthma, shortness of breath and inspiratory depression, and fever.

Hormones and bronchodilators have been atomized and inhaled at home, and the symptoms are not obviously relieved.

I did a rapid RSV antigen test first, and the result was negative.

Although the child has shortness of breath and inspiratory depression, the degree is not serious and the oxygen saturation is still in the normal range.

Although coughing leads to vomiting and affects eating, there is no dehydration;

Although low fever, but the overall state is not bad, willing to interact with others, no symptoms of infection and poisoning;

Most importantly, my mother has a certain ability to observe the changes of diseases. Although she is anxious, she is not particularly anxious.

I evaluate that the child has not reached the indication of hospitalization at present, and there is no clear manifestation of bacterial infection. The high probability is still viral infection. After taking a throat swab sample and doing targeted sequencing, he didn’t prescribe medicine, so he was told to go home for observation and follow up online. I also repeatedly reminded that if the symptoms get worse, I need to be hospitalized.

To tell the truth, when the patient’s family was ready to leave the clinic after the visit, I was really sorry when my mother asked the children to wave goodbye to me. Coming from other places, the total cost of consultation and laboratory test is more than 1,500 yuan. I didn’t prescribe any medicine, and I didn’t know the pathogen. I went home empty-handed, and the future course of my illness is still unclear, which is really worrying.

On the second day, I contacted my parents by phone. The parents reported that they still coughed and vomited, but the frequency was less, my temperature was normal, I could eat something, and my urine volume was normal.

On the afternoon of the third day, targeted sequencing showed that the sample contained high concentration of human metapneumovirus, and cytomegalovirus was detected.

Combined with the symptoms of the child, I think the child is bronchiolitis caused by human metapneumovirus infection. As for the detected cytomegalovirus, it is considered to be carried in the pharynx (previous infection).

Because my home is out of town, I didn’t ask my parents to take her back to the clinic for follow-up, and I kept in touch by phone all the time.

Fortunately, the symptoms behind this child gradually eased, and it was not until mid-December that there was basically no cough, but there was phlegm in the throat from time to time. The total course of disease is more than 3 weeks, which accords with the characteristics of classic bronchiolitis.

04

Human metapneumovirus

Everyone should be unfamiliar with human metapneumovirus, and the doctor’s knowledge is likely to stay at the textbook level, because this pathogen is not checked at ordinary times and there is a lack of perceptual knowledge.

With the targeted sequencing in our outpatient department, many children were found to be infected with this virus. I thought it was a little strange at first, but if you look up the relevant information, you will find that you are rare and strange. I didn’t know it before, but I just didn’t have the ability to test it.

In 2001, Dutch virologist Bernadette G. van den Hoogen and his colleagues isolated a new virus from the respiratory secretions of 28 young children, named human metapneumovirus, hMPV).

HMPV belongs to pneumoviridae. Pneumoviridae is named because its viruses are related to respiratory diseases of people or other animals, and the most famous one is RSV.

HMPV is distributed all over the world, and is often prevalent in winter/spring in temperate regions, overlapping with RSV and flu seasons.

Serological studies show that hMPV has spread for at least 60 years. By the age of five, almost all children in the world have been infected, which is considered to be the common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children (second only to RSV in some areas).

Although infection is common in early life, reinfection is also common in older children and adults. Reinfection is mostly mild infection, such as common cold symptoms, but the risk of serious diseases will increase when reinfection occurs in immunocompromised people or the elderly.

HMPV may be transmitted by contact with virus-containing secretions, droplets, large aerosol particles or pollutants.

05

Symptom

The symptom characteristics and severity of hMPV are similar to RSV, so I often mistake hMPV infection in children for RSV infection.

Like RSV, the common symptoms of children infected with hMPV are fever, cough, runny nose and stuffy nose, and nearly half of young children may have asthma. A few patients may have acute laryngitis.

If hMPV only affects the upper respiratory tract, the symptoms are like common cold, such as mild fever, runny nose, stuffy nose, sore throat, cough and headache, which usually disappear in about a week.

However, hMPV is not very friendly to children and the elderly, and may spread to the lower respiratory tract. Infants infected with hMPV are prone to bronchiolitis, and the symptoms described in the first part of this paper, "Bronchiolitis", appear.

Some children with hMPV infection need hospitalization because of severe respiratory distress or inability to eat effectively with dehydration.

06

Severe risk

The risk of severe illness and hospitalization is significantly increased in the following groups:

Premature infants (gestational age ≤36 weeks)

Low birth weight infants (birth weight less than 2500g)

Infants under 1 year old

Chronic lung diseases (especially bronchopulmonary dysplasia)

Abnormal anatomical structure of airway

Congenital heart disease (with significant hemodynamic abnormalities)

Immune hypofunction

Nervous system diseases

Children with these high-risk factors need special attention, because their risk of adverse outcomes is significantly increased.

07

Treatment

Symptomatic treatment.

Use antipyretics to relieve discomfort caused by fever.

Clean nasal secretions to make children more comfortable and easy to eat and sleep.

Ensure liquid and energy intake and avoid dehydration.

Respiratory support: oxygen, assisted breathing.

Antiviral treatment.

Ribavirin and other antiviral drugs have been shown to be active against hMPV in vitro. However, there is no clinical data about the effect of ribavirin or other antiviral drugs on hMPV infection.

Therefore, antiviral drugs are not recommended for people infected with hMPV.

08

Epidemic vaccine

At present, there is no approved hMPV vaccine.

Moderna, an American pharmaceutical company, has developed a candidate vaccine against hMPV and conducted clinical trials.

As of October 2019, the candidate vaccine has passed the first phase of clinical trials. It is reported that the vaccine is well tolerated at all dosage levels within two months, and it stimulates immune response and produces neutralizing antibodies.

09

Total knot

Whether it is RSV, hMPV, or bronchiolitis caused by Boca virus, rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus, there is no difference in our management principles.

If you have the conditions to check, you can check the cause and find out hMPV, so don’t worry too much; If there is no condition to check, it can be diagnosed by symptoms and managed according to bronchiolitis.

The focus of management is still home care and observing the progress of the disease.

Original title: "Cough, asthma and fever, thought it was RSV infection, the result was human metapneumovirus, what should I do?" 》

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