Amber carving skill

　　Amber is a resin dripping from coniferous plants 99-45 million years ago, buried underground for thousands of years, and fossilized under the action of pressure and heat, so it is also called "turpentine fossil", which is mostly mixed in coal seams. Amber is an organic gem, which is an organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and a small amount of sulfur. Its refractive index is 1.54, and its hardness is 2 ~ 3. It is easy to process and make various craft sculptures. Fushun West Open-pit Mine is an important amber producing area in the world, and it is also the main amber producing area of gem grade and insect amber in China. Fushun amber is famous for its rich and low-key colors, bright and soft luster and delicate and moist texture, and it is a more precious amber variety in the world.

　　Amber carving can be divided into three types: round carving, relief carving and through carving, and round carving is tetrahedron. The relief is a trihedron, which is a plane sculpture. Through carving is hollowing out its background on the basis of relief.

　　The technological process of amber carving is divided into several steps, such as material picking, material selection, skin cutting, modeling, waste breaking, corner ramming, shoveling, knife cutting, fine grabbing, polishing, drilling, hole rubbing, grinding, bead piercing, painting, inlaying, polishing and cleaning.

　　Fushun amber carving has always followed the traditional manual craftsmanship and has a history of more than 100 years. With wisdom and hands, amber artists have carved a variety of amber handicrafts with relatively primitive processing tools without using any mechanical equipment, which has distinct regional characteristics. Large-scale works such as Globe and Screen once placed in Liaoning Hall of the Great Hall of the People are Fushun amber mosaic works. In 2014, Fushun amber carving technique was announced as a national intangible cultural heritage.

　　Fine coal carving technique

　　Coal concentrate, also known as coal jade. Compared with ordinary coal, coal concentrate is light, tough, compact, dark and shiny. Under the microscope, some particles can be seen with clear essential cell structure, and even tree ring lines can be distinguished. Because it is mixed in the middle of ordinary coal seams, it is called "the essence of coal" and is one of the special raw materials for carving technology in China. Fushun has rich coal concentrate mineral resources and a long and exquisite coal concentrate carving skill inheritance. Fushun fine coal carving has always been made by traditional manual techniques. Cutting, shoveling, walking, grabbing, grinding, throwing, rolling, chopping, planing, drilling and rubbing are the unique techniques and processes of Fushun fine coal carving. In 2008, Fushun fine coal carving technique was announced as a national intangible cultural heritage.

　　Xinbin Manchu paper-cut

　　Xinbin Manchu paper-cut is a kind of folk art that integrates cutting, speaking and singing. It combines Manchu paper-cutting, Manchu folk songs and Manchu stories, and cuts out works by singing and telling. Xinbin Manchu paper-cutting techniques are diverse, including single paper scissors, double paper scissors, three-dimensional combination scissors, color splicing scissors, Song Ming smoked scissors, huotou burning scissors and hanging thread animation scissors. The materials used are also quite special, such as paper, cloth, silk, leather, fish skin, linen, birch bark, leaves, red pepper and so on, which can all be the carriers for paper-cut artists to express their inspiration. Sometimes artists also use cigarette butts, incense sticks or charcoal flexibly according to the needs of the picture to burn points and lines to enhance the expressive force of their works. In 2008, Xinbin Manchu paper-cut was announced as a national intangible cultural heritage project, and in 2009, it was listed in the List of Representative Works of Human Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.