Editor’s note:The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 is a big test for the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the "double overall planning" of normalized epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development has steadily moved towards "double victory", demonstrating the vivid practice and remarkable advantages of "China’s rule". In order to further study, publicize and implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, better uphold and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, and promote the institutional advantages to be better transformed into governance efficiency, the Central Network Information Office and Qiushi Magazine jointly organized the online theoretical communication column of "China Steadily Moving Forward", and invited experts and scholars in ideological and theoretical circles to write a series of theoretical articles, which were successively launched on Qiushi. Please pay attention.

　　Content summary:At present, COVID-19 has made great strategic achievements in epidemic prevention and control, which fully demonstrates the outstanding features, obvious advantages and super capabilities of China’s emergency management system and mechanism. In order to effectively deal with major contradictions, major obstacles, major risks and major challenges on the way forward, we must give full play to the characteristics and advantages of China’s emergency management system, accelerate the modernization of emergency management system and capabilities, and escort the Chinese dream of achieving the goal of "two hundred years" and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Emergency management system and capacity are important contents of national governance system and capacity, which directly affect the overall security and sustainable development of a country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to the emergency management system and capacity building. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee pointed out: "We should build an emergency management system with unified command, specialization and versatility, responsiveness and linkage from top to bottom, optimize the construction of the national emergency management capacity system, and improve the disaster prevention, mitigation and relief capabilities." On November 29, 2019, when presiding over the 19th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly stated that "we should give full play to the characteristics and advantages of China’s emergency management system, learn from the beneficial practices of foreign emergency management, and actively promote the modernization of China’s emergency management system and capacity." Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has paid more attention to the modernization of emergency management system and capacity. On February 3, 2020, when presiding over the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We should improve the national emergency management system and improve our ability to deal with urgent and dangerous tasks in view of the shortcomings and deficiencies exposed in this epidemic response."

　　Since the founding of New China more than 70 years ago, China’s emergency management system has been continuously adjusted and improved, and its ability to cope with natural disasters and production accidents has been continuously improved. It has successfully responded to major emergencies again and again, effectively defusing one major security risk after another, and created emergency management miracles in response to the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, the Yangtze River flood in 1998, the SARS in 2003, the snow disaster in 2008 and the Wenchuan earthquake. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have continuously strengthened the Party’s centralized and unified leadership over emergency management, formed an emergency management system with unified command, both expertise and routine, sensitive response and linkage from top to bottom, vigorously promoted the rule of law in emergency management, strengthened the preparation and drills of emergency plans, continuously improved the emergency management capability, and gradually formed its own distinctive features and unique advantages.

　　Give full play to the fundamental institutional advantage of the party’s leadership.To promote the modernization of emergency management system and capacity, the leadership of the Party is fundamental. Since the founding of New China, we have actively explored the establishment and improvement of emergency management leadership system. Under the leadership of the Party, we have established effective emergency management leadership systems for various emergencies, such as the National Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, the the State Council Earthquake Relief Headquarters, the the State Council Work Safety Committee, the National Forest and Grassland Fire Prevention Command, and the National Disaster Reduction Committee, which have played a fundamental role in disaster prevention and relief, overall development and safe production, safeguarding people’s lives and health, and maintaining social stability, and embodied the institutional advantages of concentrating efforts on major events. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, on February 10th, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that the prevention and control of the epidemic in COVID-19 should adhere to a national chess game. Party committees and governments at all levels must resolutely obey the unified command, coordination and dispatch of the CPC Central Committee, so that orders are prohibited. In order to comprehensively strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of epidemic prevention and control, the CPC Central Committee set up a central leading group to deal with the epidemic situation, sent the central leading group to Hubei, established a joint prevention and control mechanism for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in the State Council, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Notice on Strengthening the Party’s leadership and providing a strong political guarantee for winning the prevention and control of the epidemic situation. At present, China’s epidemic prevention and control has made great strategic achievements, and the centralized and unified leadership of the party has played a core leadership role. Practice has proved that promoting the modernization of emergency management system and capacity,We must give full play to the characteristics and advantages of the party’s centralized and unified leadership, establish and improve the normalized emergency management leadership system, and provide a fundamental guarantee for emergency management.

　　Actively innovate the emergency management concept of "two persistence" and "three changes".To promote the modernization of emergency management system and capacity, we must put the concept first. On July 28, 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader paid special attention to "two persistences" and "three changes" during his inspection tour in Tangshan, Hebei Province, and comprehensively improved the comprehensive prevention ability of the whole society against natural disasters. "Two Persistences" means the combination of prevention first, prevention and rescue, and the unity of normal disaster reduction and abnormal disaster relief; The "three changes" are the change from paying attention to post-disaster relief to pre-disaster prevention, from dealing with a single disaster to comprehensive disaster reduction, and from reducing disaster losses to reducing disaster risks. To promote the modernization of emergency management system and capacity, we should implement the advanced concept of "two persistence" and "three changes" in the whole process of emergency management modernization. Change the traditional emergency management concept of focusing on treatment and neglecting prevention, and pay attention to the important role of prevention in emergency handling. Adhere to the move forward of the pass and the governance at the source, pay attention to preventing and resolving major risks from the source, and truly solve the problem at the time of germination and before the spread. Strengthen daily prevention, strengthen front-end processing, establish and improve the public security situation analysis system, and promptly remove public security risks. Strengthen the assessment, monitoring and early warning of major risks, strengthen the awareness of early identification, forecasting and early warning of major risks, and enhance the ability of early identification, forecasting and early warning. Enhance the sense of hardship, adhere to the bottom line thinking,Be at peace without forgetting danger, rule without forgetting chaos, survive without forgetting death, always be highly alert to major risks, and never be careless at any time. In the spirit of always being highly responsible for people’s lives and property, we should make the best preparations for difficulties and put forward complete and effective countermeasures for emergencies.

　　Constantly improve the emergency management system and mechanism.In the process of dealing with all kinds of emergencies, China’s emergency management system and mechanism have been continuously improved. In 2018, we integrated and optimized emergency forces and resources, set up an emergency management department, and formed an emergency management system with unified command, specialization, responsiveness and linkage from top to bottom. To promote the modernization of emergency management system and capacity, institutional mechanism is the key. Starting from the system and mechanism, establish and improve a coordinated and efficient emergency management organization and coordination organization, and correctly handle the relationship between "unification" and "separation". The function of "unification" is mainly overall guidance and comprehensive coordination, which is undertaken by the national flood control and drought relief headquarters, the State Council earthquake relief coordination headquarters and other organizations and coordination agencies. The function of "division" is still shared by all member units and departments in charge of various industries. According to their respective division of responsibilities, they will give full play to their respective professional advantages and earnestly perform their duties of emergency handling of various emergencies. In terms of emergency management mechanism, we should attach great importance to the important role of monitoring and early warning in emergency management, and optimize and improve the information disclosure and monitoring and early warning mechanism. We will improve the monitoring, early warning and forecasting system, speed up the construction of various disasters and accidents monitoring, station network and national civil space infrastructure, improve the monitoring, forecasting and early warning system for natural disasters, safety accidents, public health and social stability with reasonable division of labor, implement the information-based emergency monitoring and early warning project, and improve the comprehensive monitoring, early risk identification and forecasting and early warning capabilities. By further improving the monitoring and early warning of public safety risks,Establish a seamless connection mechanism between major risks and emergencies. Strengthen the investigation of safety risks in key industries such as hazardous chemicals, mines, road traffic, fire protection, etc., and improve the comprehensive monitoring, early risk identification and forecasting and early warning capabilities of multi-hazard species and disaster chains. Improve the prevention and control system of social security, establish a working mechanism of joint treatment of problems, joint work and joint creation of safety, and improve the ability of forecasting and early warning to prevent various risks.

　　Accelerate the improvement of the legal system of emergency management.The emergency management of emergencies needs the participation of many parties in the society, and the situation is changing rapidly, involving complicated contents. It is necessary to systematically standardize all aspects and links of emergency management in the form of law, and promote the modernization of emergency management by using the rule of law thinking and the rule of law. When presiding over the 19th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to adhere to management according to law, improve the level of legalization and standardization of emergency management by using legal thinking and methods, systematically sort out and revise relevant laws and regulations on emergency management, pay close attention to studying and formulating laws and regulations on emergency management, prevention and control of natural disasters, emergency rescue organizations, national firefighters and rescuers, and safety of dangerous chemicals, and strengthen supervision and enforcement of production safety. Amendments to the Emergency Response Law, the Safety Production Law, the Infectious Disease Prevention Law and the Wildlife Protection Law should be put on the agenda as soon as possible. Start the legislative demonstration of Natural Disaster Prevention Law, Emergency Rescue Organization Law and Biosafety Law in due course. We will further improve the laws, regulations and supporting regulations on prediction, early warning, prevention, response and disposal, recovery and reconstruction, social mobilization, media communication, team building and emergency support. In the long run, we should pay attention to the standardization of the whole process of emergency management through legislation. In the pre-prevention stage, it is necessary to study and formulate urgently needed rules and regulations such as the preparation and exercise of emergency plans, the management methods of different types of emergency forces, and the distribution, storage and transportation methods of emergency materials as soon as possible. In the disposal stage, we should focus on the on-site command work norms and the first response standards.Strengthen relevant standardization legislation. In the stage of recovery and reconstruction, attention should be paid to fixing the emergency loss assessment, compensation standards and rescue standards in the form of laws and regulations. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, on February 5, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the third meeting of the Central Committee for Governing the Country in an All-round Way, stressing that "the prevention and control of the epidemic is in a critical period, and it is very important to prevent and control it scientifically and orderly according to law. The more difficult it is to prevent and control the epidemic, the more we must adhere to prevention and control according to law, coordinate and promote various prevention and control work on the track of the rule of law, and ensure the smooth development of epidemic prevention and control work. "

　　Effectively strengthen the management of emergency plans.To promote the modernization of emergency management system and capacity, we must attach great importance to the important role of the plan. When presiding over the 19th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to strengthen the management of emergency plans, improve the emergency plan system, and implement the responsibilities and measures of each link. To implement accurate governance, early warning should be accurate, emergency rescue should be accurate, recovery and reconstruction should be accurate, and supervision and law enforcement should be accurate. In this regard, on the basis of revising the overall plan of the National Overall Emergency Plan for Public Emergencies and the special plan of the National Emergency Plan for Public Health Emergencies, the emergency plans for local public health emergencies at all levels should be carefully revised. On the basis of risk assessment and resource survey, the emergency plans should be continuously and dynamically optimized by means of scenario construction, and the emergency response standards and procedures should be standardized to continuously improve the pertinence and operability of the plans. At the same time, we attach great importance to emergency plan drills. In view of the lack of practice of emergency plan, the lack of standards and norms for the exercise, the incomplete content of the plan exercise, the insufficient reflection of key links, and the mere formality of the exercise, we should intensify the exercise of emergency plan and give full play to its due role.

　　Vigorously improve emergency management capabilities.To promote the modernization of emergency management system, emergency management ability is the core content. On February 3, 2020, when presiding over the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "This epidemic is a big test of China’s governance system and ability, and we must sum up experience and learn lessons. It is necessary to improve the national emergency management system and improve the ability to deal with urgent and dangerous tasks in response to the shortcomings and shortcomings exposed in this epidemic. " To improve emergency management ability, the key point is to improve emergency basic ability, emergency disposal ability, comprehensive support ability and social coordination ability. We should start from the most basic place, take the grass-roots front line as the main battlefield, insist on shifting the center of gravity, sinking our strength and ensuring downward inclination. Study how to focus on grass-roots organizations and units such as communities, villages, schools and enterprises, and promote the establishment of a national mobilization, coordination and linkage emergency management work pattern. Urge enterprises and institutions to actively fulfill the main responsibility of safety management, guide the public to enhance their awareness of risk prevention, and enhance the risk prevention ability of the whole society; Incorporate public safety education into the national education and spiritual civilization construction system, strengthen safety public welfare propaganda, and improve the public safety awareness and emergency skills of the whole people. Considering the initial response ability, strengthen the emergency management training for first responders and heads of grass-roots units. In the aspect of improving emergency response ability, we should improve the comprehensive judgment ability of emergencies, grasp the main contradictions and contradictions, and have a more accurate judgment on their development and changes; Improve the decision-making ability of emergency response, and face the complicated situation,Be fearless in times of crisis, calm, and dare to take responsibility, go to the scene in person, take command from the front, deal with it decisively, and make feasible decisions quickly; Improve the ability of emergency response organization, be good at coordinating different levels, different places and different departments, do a good job in scientific division of labor and rational allocation of resources, and form a strong centripetal force, cohesion and combat effectiveness; Improve the ability of emergency response guidance, actively communicate with relevant parties, actively guide public opinion, create a good social atmosphere and shape a good image. In strengthening the comprehensive emergency support capability, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of emergency basic database and promote the interconnection, data exchange, system docking and information resource sharing between emergency platforms; Strengthen the emergency communication support capability and improve the support capability and intensive level of satellite emergency communication services; Improve the emergency material support system and effectively solve outstanding problems such as insufficient total amount of emergency materials, unreasonable structure and unreasonable layout; Improve the emergency transportation support capacity, improve the railway, highway, waterway, civil aviation and other emergency transportation reserves, and effectively ensure that emergency materials are in place in a timely and effective manner when emergencies occur. In enhancing the social coordination ability of emergency management, it is necessary to promote the publicity and education of public safety and emergency management into enterprises, communities, schools, rural areas and families, strengthen the training of basic knowledge and skills of public safety and emergency management in universities, primary and secondary schools, organize various activities to identify potential risks around them, popularize public safety knowledge, and enhance public awareness of emergency prevention and self-help and mutual rescue ability. Support and guide community residents to carry out risk investigation and management,Actively promote the grid management of security risks and build a people’s defense line for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief.

　　At present, COVID-19 has made great strategic achievements in epidemic prevention and control, which fully demonstrates the outstanding features, obvious advantages and super capabilities of China’s emergency management system and mechanism. In order to effectively deal with major contradictions, major obstacles, major risks and major challenges on the way forward, we must give full play to the characteristics and advantages of China’s emergency management system, accelerate the modernization of emergency management system and capabilities, and escort the Chinese dream of achieving the goal of "two hundred years" and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.